5.3 Scienti昀椀c capabilities Accelerating science could be a crucial impact of AI [30, 52], particularly given the role of invention in role of scienti昀椀c discovery [53], and considering the dual-use nature of some inventions [54]. Omnimodels could facilitate both mundane scienti昀椀c acceleration (in helping scientists do routine tasks faster) and transformative scienti昀椀c acceleration (by de-bottlenecking intelligence-driven tasks like information processing, writing new simulations, or devising new theories) [52]. Our external red teamers for GPT-4o included several expert scientists who aimed to elicit model scienti昀椀c capabilities. GPT-4oshowedpromise on tasks involving specialized scienti昀椀c reasoning. One of our red teamers found that GPT-4o was able to understand research-level quantum physics 1, commenting that this capability is